{"id":9925,"date":"2026-07-07T08:40:50","date_gmt":"2026-07-07T05:40:50","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/rockbridge.legal\/do-you-want-to-buy-an-asset-but-the-sellers-creditors-are-involved\/"},"modified":"2026-07-16T11:43:29","modified_gmt":"2026-07-16T08:43:29","slug":"do-you-want-to-buy-an-asset-but-the-sellers-creditors-are-involved","status":"publish","type":[],"link":"https:\/\/rockbridge.legal\/en\/do-you-want-to-buy-an-asset-but-the-sellers-creditors-are-involved\/","title":{"rendered":"Do you want to buy an asset, but the seller&#8217;s creditors are involved?"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-post\" data-elementor-id=\"9925\" class=\"elementor elementor-9925 elementor-9196\" data-elementor-settings=\"{&quot;ha_cmc_init_switcher&quot;:&quot;no&quot;}\" data-elementor-post-type=\"post\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section data-particle_enable=\"false\" data-particle-mobile-disabled=\"false\" class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-e8ccec7 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"e8ccec7\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ha_eqh_enable&quot;:false}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-94e0123\" data-id=\"94e0123\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f4da485 elementor-widget elementor-widget-post-info\" data-id=\"f4da485\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"post-info.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul class=\"elementor-inline-items elementor-icon-list-items elementor-post-info\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"elementor-icon-list-item elementor-repeater-item-a470701 elementor-inline-item\" itemprop=\"datePublished\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/rockbridge.legal\/en\/2026\/07\/07\/\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-calendar\"><\/i>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-text elementor-post-info__item elementor-post-info__item--type-date\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<time>July 7, 2026<\/time>\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t<li class=\"elementor-icon-list-item elementor-repeater-item-1d75820 elementor-inline-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"#\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-user-circle\"><\/i>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-text elementor-post-info__item elementor-post-info__item--type-custom\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tBy Viktorija Cherkas\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t<\/ul>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-49121ae elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"49121ae\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>The client&#8217;s satisfaction with a new phase in his business development had bolstered his confidence in a seemingly advantageous deal. Juris (name changed) started the conversation by indicating that he had found exactly what he needed: a production facility building and land, offered at an attractive price by a competing company whose business operations were effectively nearing their end. <br><br>However, during the discussion, it became clear that the subject of the transaction was not just real estate. Juris also mentioned production equipment, but after a few clarifying questions, it was revealed that supply contracts providing the necessary raw materials for production would also be taken over or novated, and three essential employees, without whom the production process would effectively be impossible, would continue their work. <br><br>Juris (name changed) had previously heard about business transfers \u2013 both in connection with disputes with the State Revenue Service (VID) and with other creditors. Therefore, the seller proposed structuring the transaction so that a separate agreement would be prepared for each asset or right element: a real estate purchase agreement, a movable property purchase agreement, assignment agreements for the takeover of supply contracts, and new employment contracts with the selected employees. The basis of such a structure was seemingly simple logic: if each component of the transaction is acquired separately, the buyer only obtains specific assets and rights, rather than assuming the seller&#8217;s obligations or liability for its debts.  <br><br>However, in the case of a business transfer, the crucial factor is not merely how many agreements the transaction is divided into or how these agreements are named. It is essential to assess the economic and functional content of the transaction, i.e., whether the buyer is effectively acquiring a set of assets, contracts, employees, and other elements that allow the continuation of the existing economic activity or an independent part thereof. <\/p><h5>How to distinguish an asset acquisition from a business transfer?<br><br><\/h5><p>When evaluating a transaction, the number of agreements, their names, or the technical structure of the transaction are not decisive. The determining factor is the economic and functional content of the transaction, i.e., what is actually transferred to the buyer and whether this aggregate allows for the continuation of the existing economic activity or an independent part thereof. <\/p><p>Therefore, the mere fact that a transaction is divided into several separate agreements does not, in itself, change its legal nature. If the buyer acquires real estate, movable property, essential contracts, production equipment, and takes over a portion of employees to such an extent that these elements together form a functioning economic unit, there is a significant risk that such a transaction will be qualified not as an acquisition of separate assets, but as a transfer of a business or an independent part thereof. <\/p><p>Article 18 of the Commercial Law defines an undertaking as an organizational and economic unit comprising tangible and intangible assets belonging to a merchant, as well as other economic benefits that the merchant uses for commercial activities. This definition does not require the transfer of an undertaking to occur through a single agreement or a single transaction document. It focuses on a functional whole \u2013 a set of assets, rights, contractual relationships, and other economic benefits that together allow for the conduct or continuation of commercial activity.   <\/p><p>In turn, Article 20 of the Commercial Law sets out the most significant legal consequences of a business transfer. If an undertaking or an independent part thereof is transferred to the ownership or use of another person, the acquirer of the undertaking is liable for all obligations of the undertaking or the respective independent part. For obligations that arose before the business transfer and whose performance deadline or condition occurs within five years after the transfer, the transferor and the acquirer of the undertaking are jointly and severally liable. Furthermore, agreements contrary to these provisions are not valid with respect to third parties.    <\/p><p>Practically, this means that the seller and the buyer can mutually agree on dividing the transaction into several agreements and on the distribution of liabilities in their internal relations. However, such an agreement is not, in itself, binding on creditors, the tax administration, or other third parties if, according to the factual content of the transaction, a transfer of a business or an independent part thereof has occurred. <\/p><p>Consequently, Juris&#8217;s intended structure of five or six separate agreements does not, in itself, resolve the risk of a business transfer. If the buyer takes over a set of elements that make the business operational \u2013 for example, the production facility building, equipment, supply chain, and key employees \u2013 then, in essence, he may be considered the acquirer of the business, not just a buyer of separate assets. <\/p><p>Precisely in this way, Juris, although formally acquiring only \u201cseparate assets,\u201d could find himself in a situation where the seller&#8217;s creditors could also assert claims against him as the acquirer of the business. In other words, the risk of a business transfer cannot be reliably eliminated merely by dividing the transaction into several agreements. The decisive factor will always be whether a functional business or an independent part thereof is actually transferred to the buyer.  <\/p><h5>What to do if there is a risk of business transfer?<br><br><\/h5><p>Not every asset acquisition is a business transfer. If a buyer acquires only a production facility building and equipment from an insolvent competitor, integrates them into their existing economic activity, does not use the seller&#8217;s brand, and does not take over employees or essential supply contracts, there is usually no basis to conclude that the identity of the previous economic unit is preserved. In such a case, the transaction is essentially an acquisition of separate assets, and the consequences of a business transfer provided for in Article 20 of the Commercial Law usually do not apply.   <br><br>Juris&#8217;s case was different. He did not want to acquire only separate assets. He was interested precisely in the set of elements that made the target business operational: the production facility building, equipment, supply chain, and key employees. In such a situation, the form of multiple agreements does not, in itself, change the economic content of the transaction.   <br><br>Therefore, real protection in such transactions cannot be achieved merely by dividing documents into several agreements. It begins with thorough legal, financial, and tax due diligence regarding the seller&#8217;s obligations, creditor claims, employment relationships, tax risks, and other circumstances that may affect the buyer&#8217;s liability after the transaction is concluded. Equally important is to include appropriate seller&#8217;s warranties, representations, indemnification obligations, and other mechanisms in the transaction documents that directly address the risk of a business transfer.  <\/p><h5>Is there a solution?<br><br><\/h5><p class=\"RBLNormal\"><span lang=\"EN-GB\">Before concluding a transaction, it is worth asking a simple but legally very important question: would the acquired set of assets, contracts, employees, brand, and other elements allow the buyer to continue the same or a substantially similar economic activity as previously carried out by the seller?<\/span><\/p><p class=\"RBLNormal\"><span lang=\"EN-GB\">If the answer is affirmative or there are doubts, there is a significant risk that the transaction may be qualified as a transfer of a business or an independent part thereof, regardless of how many separate agreements the parties have divided it into. At this point, it is especially important not only to choose the correct transaction structure but also to timely determine the scope of due diligence, verify the seller&#8217;s obligations, and prepare the transaction documents in such a way that the risk of a business transfer is identified, assessed, and managed as practically as possible. <\/span><\/p><p class=\"RBLNormal\"><span lang=\"EN-GB\">Make informed decisions!<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-166a978 elementor-hidden-mobile\" data-id=\"166a978\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-29e5acb elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"29e5acb\" 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Contact me <\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<section data-particle_enable=\"false\" data-particle-mobile-disabled=\"false\" class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-c852c3a elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c852c3a\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;,&quot;_ha_eqh_enable&quot;:false}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-5a7ae2d\" data-id=\"5a7ae2d\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-965d765 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"965d765\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1080\" height=\"1080\" src=\"https:\/\/rockbridge.legal\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/Viktorija-Cherkas-2.png\" class=\"attachment-full size-full wp-image-9338\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/rockbridge.legal\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/Viktorija-Cherkas-2.png 1080w, https:\/\/rockbridge.legal\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/Viktorija-Cherkas-2-300x300.png 300w, https:\/\/rockbridge.legal\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/Viktorija-Cherkas-2-1024x1024.png 1024w, https:\/\/rockbridge.legal\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/Viktorija-Cherkas-2-150x150.png 150w, https:\/\/rockbridge.legal\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/Viktorija-Cherkas-2-768x768.png 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1080px) 100vw, 1080px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-7097f3a\" data-id=\"7097f3a\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9eedc6b elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"9eedc6b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">VIKTORIJA Cherkas<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9967d12 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"9967d12\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">PARTNER, ATTORNEY AT LAW<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ec9b56d elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"ec9b56d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Viktorija is a Latvian legal expert recognized by international directories in project management and mergers and acquisitions (M&#038;A), including energy projects (development of wind and solar park projects). <\/p><p>Viktorija also provides legal advice for day-to-day business operations \u2013 from company formation, management, shareholder relations, restructuring, and other business-related matters. At the same time, Viktorija is an expert in real estate development, acquisition, and leasing, and provides assistance to individuals and companies regarding relocation or property acquisition in Spain. <\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d08df6b elementor-icon-list--layout-traditional elementor-list-item-link-full_width elementor-widget elementor-widget-icon-list\" data-id=\"d08df6b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"icon-list.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul class=\"elementor-icon-list-items\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"elementor-icon-list-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"tel:%20(+371)%2029340444\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-phone-alt\"><\/i>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-text\">  (+371) 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\u012bpa\u0161ums\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"tab-label\">Nekustamais \u012bpa\u0161ums<\/span>\n\t\t<\/a>\n\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>The client&#8217;s satisfaction with a new phase in his business development had bolstered his confidence in a seemingly advantageous deal. Juris (name changed) started the conversation by indicating that he had found exactly what he needed: a production facility building and land, offered at an attractive price by a competing company whose business operations were [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":8,"featured_media":9926,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"default","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"categories":[52],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-9925","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-commercial-transactions"],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/rockbridge.legal\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9925","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/rockbridge.legal\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/rockbridge.legal\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/rockbridge.legal\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/8"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/rockbridge.legal\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=9925"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/rockbridge.legal\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9925\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":9927,"href":"https:\/\/rockbridge.legal\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9925\/revisions\/9927"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/rockbridge.legal\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/9926"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/rockbridge.legal\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=9925"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/rockbridge.legal\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=9925"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/rockbridge.legal\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=9925"},{"taxonomy":"type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/rockbridge.legal\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/type?post=9925"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}